Bonding

Guest Post: Psychological benefits of breastfeeding and bonding

Painting by Alex Grey
http://alexgrey.com/
Written by Allison Gamble

In a world so full of scientific and technological advances, there are few things that are more natural than breastfeeding. This beautiful experience that is shared between mother and child has long been known for its many health benefits, but it doesn't take a psychology degree to see the benefits breastfeeding provides mentally. Despite the fact that there are a number of ways to bond with a child, breastfeeding has been proven to not only create a physical connection, but an emotional one as well.

Although the bonding process is said to begin in the womb, many women feel that the true psychological impact begins when skin to skin contact can be made. This impact is usually enforced by the frequent contact and interaction that occurs when a child is breastfed without restrictions or schedules. Though this almost constant contact can have a number of benefits for the child, for the mother, this contact creates a feeling not only of closeness with and affection for her child, but can serve to enhance her desire to be nurturing, and can also foster a feeling of confidence and accomplishment. After all, she is providing sustenance and good health to the life she has helped to create.

Despite the fact that many common psychological aspects are directly related to the physical contact that occurs during breastfeeding, many other mental and emotional responses can be directly linked to the release of hormones. For instance, in order for the milk to drop in the mother's breasts, a hormone known as oxytocin must be released into the system. Although this hormone acts in a number of ways to help the physical process of nursing, it also has a strong influence on emotions, often creating a general sense of well-being, happiness and love. Because of this, it is easy to link the child with this new-found feeling of contentment, and thus, the connection deepens.

Two other hormones that can benefit the psychological health of the mother are prolactin and cholecystokinin. Prolactin is best known as an aid in the production of breast milk. However, it is also thought to have an influence on maternal behavior, and in some animal studies, it is shown to act as a stress reducer and pain reliever. Like prolactin, cholecystokinin is thought to work as a pain reliever, but is also said to have a relaxing effect on both mother and baby. These three hormones work together in harmony, and because of this, mothers who breastfeed are thought to be generally calmer, have lower blood pressure, and are typically more responsive to their baby's needs and emotions.

Breastfeeding is undoubtedly favored by those seeking a more natural approach to child-rearing as it not only enhances the connection between mother and child, but also fits in well with other natural practices. For instance, mothers who breastfeed are more likely to practice co-sleeping. This particular process can further enhance the bond between both the mother and father, and the father and child, as sharing a family bed makes it much easier for the father to interact in an intimate manner with the child, and assist the mother in nursing. It may also aid in fostering feelings of attachment, emotional openness and trust across the entire family.

For babies, the psychological experience of breastfeeding is in many ways similar to that of the mother. For instance, skin to skin contact helps to provide the baby with a feeling of warmth and closeness. Additionally, this contact aids in the release of oxytocin, which in turn, gives the child the same feeling of contentment as the mother. Despite this, there are several psychological factors that differ from the mother. Many of these factors occur directly at the time of nursing, while others have a more long term effect.

In the early stages of the nursing process, while adjusting to the bright, loud external world, the intimacy of breastfeeding helps the child cope with the stress of its new life. It can also help to provide a feeling of safety, continuity and reassurance. Additionally, nursing can help the child to develop the simple feelings of attachment, love and affection through the natural bonding.

Long term effects are frequently the result of the tender experiences that go hand in hand with breastfeeding. In some research studies, it has been found that children who were breastfed were generally more likely to be assertive, confident and mature during their developmental years. Some reports suggest that, in the long term, breastfed children are less likely to develop behavioral, learning and psychological issues. These factors may be due in part to the chemical factors involved in breastfeeding; however, much of the credit can be given to the intimacy and bond that is created through the practice. For example, nursing allows the child to be given undivided attention, which may play a large part in the building of confidence. Mothers who breastfeed are more likely to talk to, hug and stroke their children while feeding, which may aid in the development of a sociable or affectionate nature later in life.

Aside from the numerous nutritional, economic and even societal benefits, nursing offers a natural way to improve the lives of children, mothers and families as a whole. From time immemorial, this nurturing, nourishing practice has been performed; however, in modern times it is beginning to fall by the wayside. Despite this, advocates of breastfeeding can feel secure in the fact that they are giving their children the best possible start in life – both in body and in mind.

Author Bio: Allison Gamble has been a curious student of psychology since high school. She brings her understanding of the mind to work in the weird world of internet marketing.
Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding Advocacy

Through the years I've talked to a lot of people about breastfeeding. I won't lie, there's been times I've made an ass of myself and turned people off breastfeeding rather than turning them on. But I've learnt better, thank god, and I hope others will join me in changing the way we advocate breastfeeding.

Do not say….

"Formula kills."
This just sounds over the top. Technically you could say formula 'kills' in certain circumstances (a severely allergic, ill, or immune compromised infant), but in the same vein you could say 'breastfeeding kills' in certain circumstances (a meth addict's infant recently died due to meth-tained breastmilk). The simple statement "formula kills" without any type of context is very leading and inflammatory. If you want to be taken seriously make realistic, detailed comments with specific context.

"Breastfeeding is normal and natural."
I know this seems like a rather true statement, and while it is true, it only tells us one side of the story. It does not tell the whole truth, the part that says for some of us breastfeeding doesn't always come naturally or feel normal – hours of pumping to produce tiny amounts of milk, or raw, bleeding cracked nipples does not feel normal or natural. When a woman encounters problems breastfeeding, as most women do, it entrenches the idea she has failed as a mother, and is neither normal or natural. A more realistic, inclusive statement would be: "Breastfeeding is the biological norm for our species, though in the beginning it is a major biological and lifestyle transition for any woman in which help is often needed, and in the rare occasion it is unsuccessful."

"Formula is disgusting crap in a can."
This statement is so belittling to a mother that relies on formula. For them this 'crap in a can' is a lifesaver. Formula isn't as healthy as breastmilk, but it serves its purpose. The above comment is a bit like saying a person in a coma living on nutrients through an IV is living on 'disgusting crap'. The IV isn't as good as eating a nutritious salad, but given the circumstances this person relies on it to stay alive.

People will often say, "but I'm not saying you're a bad mother for formula feeding, I'm just saying the formula is crap." But calling formula disgusting is not going to make them decide not to formula feed and switch to breastmilk, because they can't, they have no choice (or they believe they have no choice, when possibly there are options out there they just don't know about). Either way, calling the food they rely on to feed their infant "disgusting crap in a can" is simply going to make them upset or pissed off.

"Nine times out of ten women who say they can't breastfeed can, they just didn't try hard enough."
Where are the studies to back this up? Studies show the real reasons women stop breastfeeding are very different to "not trying hard enough". Here is an adapted excerpt from Dr Jane Philpott's blog, detailing the main points of why women don't breastfeed from a national UK survey…
A focus group study in the UK suggested a number of reasons why women may not breastfeed or why they stop breastfeeding early. These were as follows:
Worry about insufficient milk supply – this was the most common reason women stopped breastfeeding. Women worried that insufficient milk supply was causing poor weight gain, and said that health visitors were 'always worried about weight gain'. Women often interpreted an unsettled baby as an indication they had an insufficient milk supply.
Believing the child was old enough to wean – this was the second most common reason women stopped breastfeeding, being reported by 35.7% of women. However 78% of these women had stopped breastfeeding by 12 months, meaning these women were unaware that breastfeeding is recommended well beyond 12 months.
Physical or medical problem – this was the third most common reason women stopped breastfeeding. It was reported by 14.9% of women who did not breastfeed, and 26.9% of women who had breastfed, but had now stopped breastfeeding.
Society's negative attitudes towards breastfeeding - women felt that breastfeeding in public was unacceptable and embarrassing, while bottle-feeding was accepted by everybody and in all places. A lack of places to breastfeed out of sight restricted women's ability to get out of the house. This may be a bigger issue for low-income women, who may not have the option of breastfeeding in the car. Some women reported breastfeeding in public toilets as the only option. Women wished that cafés and shops could provide places to breastfeed with some privacy.
Influence of family and friends - some women said that even family and friends found it 'repulsive' to be in the same room when they were breastfeeding. Some grandparents thought it excluded them from having the chance to feed the new baby. It was clear that the opinion of family and friends was a stronger influence than that of health practitioners.
Lack of knowledge - women vaguely knew that breastfeeding was supposed to be beneficial, but they could not name any benefits, and were not convinced about them. In the study only one woman had learnt at school about benefits of breastfeeding; most did not hear about it until they were pregnant. Feeding was not well covered in antenatal classes.
Lack of professional support - women experienced difficulty in trying to establish breastfeeding but were unwilling 'to bother the midwife'. Bottle feeding seemed easier.
Experience - breastfeeding seemed difficult and painful, and many women experienced problems ranging from getting the baby latched on, sore nipples, and disturbed sleep. Some women complained of a lack of freedom to travel/socialise/work.


"Most formula feeding mums are just lazy and uninformed."
A great way to ostrasize and insult the people you are trying to win over.

Think of the formula feeding mothers who have visited numerous lactation consultants, pumped endlessly, suffered through raw bleeding nipples, were forced to work, face immense stressors in their lives, had no support, or suffer through severe post-natal depression. Yeah, they're going to think you're an asshole (because you are behaving like one). The reply I often hear is, "well I'm not talking about those women".

Yet even if a person is 'uninformed' or 'lazy' as some so eloquently put it, saying so is insulting, stereotyping, arrogant, and it's likely to make a person shut down rather than listen to you. Sharing anecdotal info about how you were once uninformed, and found great success in researching the benefits of breastfeeding, is a much more effective way to get your point across (while not being an asshole or pointing the finger).

"I'm not making you feel guilty, you make yourself feel guilty."
There is no debate some mothers who formula feed feel guilty. Some feel a sense of failure. Knowing this, in a conversation about formula or breastfeeding you've got to tread carefully, with respect, sensitivity and tact.

I didn't harbor guilt or failure when I formula fed, but I understand others do. There are experiences (such as not being able to produce enough milk) where I can't even pretend to know what it's like, and to pretend I do would be insulting to those that have been through it. I will say I hope mothers are able to one day realize that at any moment they are only ever doing the best they possibly can with the resources they have (be they health, info, finances etc). I hope they can be proud of all they have accomplished, and are able to let go of inadequacies others point out.

So how can we effectively help?
Based on studies about why women don't breastfeed, we need to offer specific info about…
  • Normal infant weight gain, checking whether baby is getting enough milk, the reasons why baby may be unsettled other than being hungry.
  • The importance of demand feeding, dangers of schedule feeding, the fact that newborns do need to feed often, the dangers of sabotaging breastmilk supply by supplementing babies diet with formula, and effective ways to build supply.
  • Recommended age to wean and the benefits of breastfeeding into toddlerhood.
  • Common medical problems associated with breastfeeding difficulty, prevention, and treatment.
  • Breastfeeding in public, women's rights to breastfeed in public, how to deal with rude commentors, specialized nursing clothing and covers women can wear if they wish.
  • How to deal with unsupportive family and friends, how to include them in caring for baby without negatively affective breastfeeding relationship, how to accept their opinions or advice about breastfeeding while keeping the advice of lactation consultants paramount.
  • The specific benefits of breastfeeding, provide studies to back up the benefits, and explain in detail the mechanisms by which breastfeeding is beneficial.
  • The necessity for lactation consultants, the stats showing how much more successful women who have professional support are. Provide local contact details, websites and prices.
  • The reality of what breastfeeding will be like, problems they may encounter, prevention & treatment, dealing with sore nipples, disturbed sleep, and incorporating travel, social life and work in with breastfeeding.

Watch how you word your comments, do say….
  • Realistic, detailed comments with a specific context.
  • Anecdotal stories of your own.
  • Reliable stats and studies with links.
  • Comments that respect others possible feelings of failure or guilt.
I know it's hard, but when you're in a discussion don't engage with angry commentors who are just out for a fight – don't take the bait! (You'll have to remind me.) If you do, your once revered comments may not get taken seriously anymore. 

For a little more reading...

Top 10 Things Breastfeeding Advocates Should Stop Saying
http://justwestofcrunchy.com/2011/05/27/top-10-things-breastfeeding-advocates-should-stop-saying/

Top 10 Things Breastfeeding Advocates SHOULD Say
http://justwestofcrunchy.com/2011/05/28/to-10-things-breastfeeding-advocates-should-say/

Thanks for Throwing Fuel on the Breastfeeding/Formula Feeding Fire
http://www.phdinparenting.com/2011/08/14/thanks-for-throwing-fuel-on-the-breastfeedingformula-fire/


Sources:

Why mothers don't breastfeed
http://drjanephilpott.wordpress.com/2009/03/27/why-mothers-dont-breastfeed/

Why primiparous mothers do not breastfeed in the United States: a national survey
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00501.x/abstract
Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding: Everyone's doing it!

I love seeing photos of other animals breastfeeding, giving birth, or looking after their babies. Makes me realise how rooted in nature we are. Here's a collection of some of my fav breastfeeding pics:





















Dog feeding baby red pandas

Dog feeding baby white tigers